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Per-Venue Admissibility Matrix

Which CREB tier is admissible in which venue. Federal civil, qui tam, state AG, administrative, criminal. With FRE / state-statute citations and burden-of-proof notes.

Federal civil (FCA + Anti-Kickback + Stark)

Tier A is admissible in federal civil cases under the False Claims Act (FCA), Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS), and Stark Law. Tier B requires additional development before filing. Tier C is for investigation leads only.

Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) citations: FRE 702, FRE 902(13)/(14). Burden of proof: Preponderance of the evidence.

Qui tam (relator-led)

Tier A is admissible in qui tam actions. Tier B may be admissible with additional development. Tier C is for investigation leads only.

FRE citations: FRE 702, FRE 902(13)/(14). Burden of proof: Preponderance of the evidence.

State AG (29 state FCA variants)

Tier A is admissible in 29 states with False Claims Act equivalents. Tier B requires additional development. Tier C is for investigation leads only.

State statute citations vary by jurisdiction. Burden of proof: Preponderance of the evidence.

Administrative (MAC appeal, UPIC, MFCU)

Tier A is admissible in administrative proceedings. Tier B may be admissible with additional development. Tier C is for investigation leads only.

Administrative law citations vary by agency. Burden of proof: Preponderance of the evidence.

Criminal (18 USC 1347)

Tier A is admissible in criminal cases under 18 USC 1347. Tier B requires additional development. Tier C is for investigation leads only.

FRE citations: FRE 702, FRE 902(13)/(14). Burden of proof: Beyond a reasonable doubt.

Sealed disclosure tiers

Tier A, B, and C evidence packages can be disclosed under seal to appropriate parties in all venues. Sealed disclosure follows specific court orders and protective orders.